Triglycerides of coconut oil were fractionated by glc into groups based on their carbon numbers of 28 to 52. Choice of solvent extraction technique affects fatty acid. Seneviratne and dissanayake have reported on fatty acid composition of coconut oil obtained from ordinary tall variety of coconuts cultivated in sri lanka. The total omega6 fatty acids is the sum of arachidonic acid ara, linoleic acid. Over 50% of the fats in coconut oil are medium chain fatty acids, such as. The fatty acid profiles and triacylglycerol tag compositions of oils from the solid endosperm of different philippine coconut hybrids and their parentals were determined by using gas chromatography gc and highperformance liquid chromatography hplc. Similar to simple fatty acids, the length of the fatty acid group determines the nomenclature of short. Lauric acid is a mediumchain fatty acid, coconut oil is a. About 90% of the fatty acids of coconut oil are saturated and consist mainly of lauric, myristic and palmitic acid with lauric acid predominating 47. Triglyceride composition of coconut oil springerlink. It has a low content of unsaturated fatty acids with a negligible content of both n. Coconut oil isoneofthevegetableoils that accumulate high levels of saturated fatty acids in the triacylglycerol fraction. The nutritive value of the copra cake or meal is also higher from good quality copra than that from poor quality copra. Table 1 shows the fatty acid composition of coconut oil and palm kernel oil.
Compare effect of fatty acid composition olive, coconut oil and. The effect of solvent polarity index pi in conventional technique on fractionation of sfas and ufas was observed from the fatty acid concentration shown in figs. Coconut is consumed either as the tender nut at 56 months after fertilization or as the kernel from mature nut. Oils are used in a wide variety of cosmetic products for their skin conditioning, occlusive, emollient, and moisturizing properties. Coconut oil is a rich source of saturated fatty acids, and short and mediumchain fatty acids account for 70%. Jan 24, 2009 a study on the commercial virgin coconut oil vco available in the malaysian and indonesian market was conducted. On the other hand, the oil composition of a coconut increases as it advances through different stages of maturity. Coconut oil and derivatives, such as coconut fatty acid are used as raw materials in the manufacture of surfactants such as cocamidopropyl betaine, cocamide mea, and cocamide dea. Coconut and palm kernel oils contain high am ounts of medium chain saturated fatty acids like lauric and myristic acids table 2. Mediumchain length fatty acids such as lauric acid c 12. Many studies reported that the product was not efficient in weight loss. Over 50% of the fats in coconut oil are medium chain fatty acids, such as lauric acid 12. Characterizations of fatty acids composition in % of total. Mct oil is a highly concentrated source of mediumchain triglycerides.
Typical fattyacid compositions of some common fats adapted. Typical fattyacid compositions of some common fats adapted from gunstone, f. Moreover, coconut oil is a rich source of medium chain triglycerides with carbon. Fatty acid, coconut oil, olive oil, butter fat, rats, lipid profile. Therefore the newest trend in food processing industry is notifying the composition of edible oils and other food commodities for the content of each individual fatty acid. Some physical characteristics, typical fatty acid composition and codex ranges of coconut oil are shown in table 2 right. Pdf fatty acid composition and possible health effects. Coconut oil 92 6 2 bottom figure from personal nutrition, 6th ed. In general, varietal differences in fatty acid composition were observed. Coconut oil is made up of about 90% saturated fats and 9% unsaturated fats. Chemical properties of virgin coconut oil springerlink. Because coconut oil is widely consumed in the tropics, 1 lauric acid is a significant component of the diet in these parts of the world.
From the above, it is clear, that the saturated fat content of both coconut oil and palm. While the fatty acid composition of coconut oil is well established, relatively little is known about the other constituents of coconut. Coconut oil and palm oils role in nutrition, health and national. It can be seen that cno contains about 92% saturated fatty acids. However, the saturated fats in it differ from saturated fats in animal fats.
This is because the moisture content decreases to approximately 50% when coconuts reach 1215 months old. Most of the predictions and the interpretations of the nutritional quality of coconut oil are based on the fatty acid composition of coconut oil. Table 1 fatty acid profile for olive oil, coconut oil and butter saturation fatty acid olive oil coconut oil butter fat saturated fatty acid. With the fatty acid composition of each group, it was possible to calculate the composition of 79 types of triglycerides. Also, it has been reported that the consumption of coconut oil increased lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, consequently increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Coconut oil is considered a lauric oil whose fatty acid composition is high in lauric acid 4550%. Coconut oil contains about 6 g of lauric acid, a type of mediumchain fatty acid. Accordingly, coconut oil should be classified as a mediumchain saturated fat, since its fatty acid composition is over 65% mcfa. Coconut oil is a rich source of saturated fatty acids, and short and mediumchain fatty acids account for 70% of these fatty acids table 4. The use of mediumchain triglycerides in gastrointestinal disorders practical gastroenterology february 2017 21 nutrition issues in gastroenterolog series 160 molecules with three fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone. Sep 30, 2016 analysis of medium chain of fatty acids in coconut oil becomes important due to their roles in health issues. The approximate concentration of fatty acids in coconut oil midpoint of range in source. Gas chromatographic analysis of medium chain fatty acids in. London, 1996, and other sources specific compositions are variable, depending on diet and other factors.
In figure 1, the fatty acid composition of flax oil is compared with other fats and oils 9,1214. Acids derived from coconut oil can be used as herbicides. From this study it is clear that over 40 percent of the total fatty. Available data suggests that 100 g of coconut oil contains. Coconut oil, or copra oil, is an edible oil extracted from the kernel or meat of mature coconuts. A trans fatty acid, known as the unsaturated fatty acid with the double bond of trans type, is not contained in natural vegetable oil. Variability in fatty acid and triacylglycerol composition. Fatty acid composition of coconut oil and some other vegetable oils. On the other hand, the oil composition of a coconut. Palm oil, palm kernel oil, and coconut oil the socalled tropical oils, while still considered vegetable oils, have as much or more saturated fatty acid content than lard, beef tallow, and butterfat. The use of mediumchain triglycerides in gastrointestinal disorders neha d. Mccance and widdowsons composition of foods phe 2015 rapeseed oil palm oil safflower oil sunflower oil corn oil olive oil soya oil peanut. Coconut oil is the highest natural source of lauric acid. Lauric acid is a medium chain fatty acid, coconut oil is a mediumchain triglyceride 158.
Us consumption has held steady at about 1 billion pounds over the past decade. Physicochemical and phytochemical analyses of copra and oil. Distillation of natural fatty acid s and their chemical derivatives 111 the fatty acid composition of fats and oils varies widely depending on the source table 1. Figures 1 and and2 2 compare different extraction techniques on. When a coconut matures, the weight and meat composition changes rapidly. Coconut oil figure 1 comparison of the fatty acid composition of selected edible oils and fats. Gas chromatographic analysis of medium chain fatty acids. Fatty acids are usually not found in organisms, but instead as three main classes of esters. Final report plantderived fatty acid oils as used in. The solid endospermous kernel of the nuts was dried to. Fatty acid composition, oxidative stability, and radical.
Chromatogram of coconut oil the peak names are the same as in figure 1. Coconut oil contains approximately 50% of lauric acid saturated c12 chain. Variability among coconut cultivars and hybrids for fatty acid composition and most suitable cultivars for different uses has been reported naresh kumar et al. Oil and fatty acid profiles of soybeans maturity groups iv, v, and vi by luke aaron farno bachelor of science eastern kentucky university richmond, kentucky 1996 master of science oklahoma state university stillwater, oklahoma 1999 submitted to the faculty of the graduate college of the oklahoma state university in partial fulfillment of. In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with a long aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. Coconut oil has 90% saturates and is deficient in monounsaturates 6%, polyunsaturates 1%, and total tocopherols 29 mgkg. Coconut oil is well positioned because it has the unique advantage of having its fatty acid composition falling within the carbon chain spectrum highly desired by the oleochemical industry where the c12 and c14 fatty acid fractions are sought after. Figures 1 and and2 2 compare different extraction techniques on the fatty acid composition of pistachio oil. The main objective of this work was to identify the fat ty acid composition of several vegetable oils and fats. The fatty acid composition of vegetable oils and their. Typical fatty acid compositions of some common fats adapted from gunstone, f.
Coconut oil, 100% natural, is a refined vegetable oil extracted from the dried coconut flesh of cocos nucifera coconut. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28. Of the seven types of acid, lauric acid is the most predominant. The 2017 aha presidential advisory attacked coconut oil using studies that did not involve coconut oil. Dickschat in the open access beilstein journal of organic chemistry. It was verified that the metabolism of lauric acid, the major fatty acid in coconut oil, remains unclear.
Fatty acid and lipid chemistry portland state university. The analytical method for specific medium chain fatty acids is not so much be given attention. Dec 18, 2018 the saturated fat in coconut oil is made up of seven different types of fatty acids, including caproic, caprylic, capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, and stearic acid. Coconut cocos nucifera contains 5565% oil, having c12. Coconut oil coconut oil is an edible oil extracted from the kernel or meat of matured coconuts harvested from the coconut palm cocos nucifera. Mcfas account for 62 per cent of cos fatty acid composition. Coconut oil has been tested for use as an engine lubricant and as a transformer oil. Among the evaluated oils the higher contents of satu rated fatty acids were found in palm kernel oil 76. The following table provides information about the composition of coconut oil and. A study on the commercial virgin coconut oil vco available in the malaysian and indonesian market was conducted. Fats and oils are classified according to their % fatty acid profiles.
An ffa of percent is not unusual for coconut oil produced from philippine copra, while in. With the fatty acid composition of each group, it was possible to. There was no significant difference in lauric acid content 46. Characterizations of fatty acids composition in % of total methylester of fatty acids fames of fourteen vegetable oilssafflower, grape, silybum marianum, hemp, sunflower, wheat germ, pumpkin seed, sesame, rice bran, almond, rapeseed, peanut, olive, and coconut oil were obtained by using gas chromatography gc. The present analysis methods for fatty acids present in food mainly focused to the overall fatty acid concentration. Analysis of fatty acids in rice bran oil, coconut oil and. The saturated fat in coconut oil is made up of seven different types of fatty acids, including caproic, caprylic, capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, and stearic acid. Variability in fatty acid and triacylglycerol composition of. Chempro for edible oil refining,top notch technology for oils and fats processing neutralization,degumming,bleaching,deodorization. Gas chromatographic analyses of the coconut oil allow assessment of its fatty acid composition. May 21, 2016 mct oil is a highly concentrated source of mediumchain triglycerides.
Following the background information, a discussion is given about fatty acid mixtures found in fish oils common to north america. On the other hand, lard, which is the most common source of saturated fat in the literature, is a longchain saturated fat. Coconut oil and palm oils role in nutrition, health and. The paper reported the chemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of vco. Analysis of medium chain of fatty acids in coconut oil becomes important due to their roles in health issues. Compare effect of fatty acid composition olive, coconut. This involves extracting and isolating the mcts from coconut or palm. Pdf fatty acid profile of coconut oil in relation to nut maturity and. Coconut oil oxford academic journals oxford university press. Moreover, coconut oil is a rich source of medium chain triglycerides with carbon numbers falling mostly in the c32 to c44 range.
Figure 1 comparison of the fatty acid composition of selected edible oils and fats. Distillation of natural fatty acids and their chemical. Compare effect of fatty acid composition olive, coconut oil. Ala constitutes 57% of the total fatty acids in flax, making flax the richest source of ala in the north american diet.
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